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USS ''Sailfish'' (SS-192), was a US , originally named ''Squalus'', known for her tour of duty in the Pacific War during World War II Her keel was laid on 18 October 1937 by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, as ''Squalus'', the only ship of the United States Navy named for the squalus. She was launched on 14 September 1938 sponsored by Mrs. Thomas C. Hart (wife of the Admiral), and commissioned on 1 March 1939, with Lieutenant Oliver F. Naquin in command. Due to mechanical failure,〔Blair, p. 67〕 ''Squalus'' sank during a test dive on 23 May 1939. She was raised, renamed, and recommissioned on 15 May 1940 as ''Sailfish''. ==Sinking of ''Squalus'' and recommissioning== On 12 May 1939, following a yard overhaul, ''Squalus'' began a series of test dives off Portsmouth, New Hampshire. After successfully completing 18 dives, she went down again off the Isles of Shoals on the morning of 23 May at . Failure of the main induction valve〔〔A repeat of incidents with and . After this accident, the more reliable Electric Boat design was adopted for new Navy-built subs. 〕 caused the flooding of the aft torpedo room, both engine rooms, and the crew's quarters, drowning 26 men immediately. Quick action by the crew prevented the other compartments from flooding. ''Squalus'' bottomed in of water.〔 ''Squalus'' was initially located by her sister ship, . The two submarines were able to communicate using a telephone marker buoy until the cable parted. Divers from the submarine rescue ship began rescue operations under the direction of the salvage and rescue expert Lieutenant Commander Charles B. "Swede" Momsen, using the new McCann Rescue Chamber. The Senior Medical Officer for the operations was Dr. Charles Wesley Shilling. Overseen by researcher Albert R. Behnke, the divers used recently developed heliox diving schedules and successfully avoided the cognitive impairment symptoms associated with such deep dives, thereby confirming Behnke's theory of nitrogen narcosis. The divers were able to rescue all 33 surviving crew members from the sunken submarine. Four enlisted divers, Chief Machinist's Mate William Badders, Chief Boatswain's Mate Orson L. Crandall, Chief Metalsmith James H. McDonald and Chief Torpedoman John Mihalowski, were awarded the Medal of Honor for their work during the rescue and subsequent salvage. (The successful rescue of ''Squalus'' survivors is in marked contrast to the loss of in Liverpool Bay just a week later.〔On ''Thetis'', 99 of 103 crew, other naval personnel and civilian technical observers died from carbon monoxide poisoning. ''Thetis'' was also recovered and recommissioned.〕) The navy authorities felt it important to raise her as she incorporated a succession of new design features. With a thorough investigation of why she sank, more confidence could be placed in the new construction, or alteration of existing designs could be undertaken when cheapest and most efficient to do so. Furthermore, given similar previous accidents in and (indeed, in ''S-5'', as far back as 1920), it was necessary to determine a cause. The salvage of ''Squalus'' was commanded by Rear Admiral Cyrus W. Cole, Commander of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, who supervised salvage officer Lieutenant Floyd A. Tusler from the Construction Corps. Tusler's plan was to lift the submarine in three stages to prevent it from rising too quickly, out of control, with one end up, in which case there would be a high likelihood of it sinking again. For 50 days, divers worked to pass cables underneath the submarine and attach pontoons for buoyancy. On 13 July 1939, the stern was raised successfully, but when the men attempted to free the bow from the hard blue clay, the vessel began to rise far too quickly, slipping its cables. Ascending vertically, the submarine broke the surface, and of the bow reached into the air for not more than ten seconds before the vessel sank once again all the way to the bottom. Momsen said of the mishap, "pontoons were smashed, hoses cut and I might add, hearts were broken." After 20 more days of preparation, with a radically redesigned pontoon and cable arrangement, the next lift was successful, as were two further operations. ''Squalus'' was towed into Portsmouth on 13 September, and decommissioned on 15 November. A total of 628 dives had been made in rescue and salvage operations.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Sailfish (SS-192)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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